Konservasi In Vitro dan Perbanyakan Anggrek Alam di Kebun Raya Indonesia

Consumer demands on orchids is increasingly high recently has resulted in many orchids species are threatened with extinction in their natural habitat. Over exploitation of the orchids in the wild continually and gradually would threaten the existence of these plants. Habitat destruction, degradation of environmental quality, and habitat loss with the conversion of natural habitat into housing and industrial areas would also have impact on the rarity of the orchids, even to the extinction of the orchids. The conservation of orchids must be conducted to protect them from extinction. In vitro propagation of orchids to produce a large number of orchid’s seedlings can support orchid’s conservation. Indonesian Botanical Garden has conducted orchids conservation program and in vitro propagation at three botanic gardens (Bogor Botanic Garden, Purwodadi Botanic Garden and ‘Eka Karya’ Bali Botanic Garden). This paper contains information of orchids species that have been conserved and propagated in these Botanic Garden, the future prospect and the challenge in vitro propagation. A number of orchids species have been successfully propagated at the three botanic gardens, Bogor Botanic Garden (64 species), Purwodadi Botanic Garden (14 species), and ‘Eka Karya’ Bali Botanic Garden (5 species). Dendrobium spectabile has been conserved at the three botanic gardens, whereas Gramatophyllum scriptum, Phalaenopsis gigantea, Vanda tricolor, dan Vandopsis lissociloides have been propagated at Bogor Botanic Garden and Purwodadi Botanic Garden. Dendrobium macrophyllum has been conserved at Bogor Botanic Garden and Eka Karya’ Bali Botanic Garden. Prosiding Seminar Nasional “Konservasi Tumbuhan Tropika: Kondisi Terkini dan Tantangan ke Depan” Cibodas, 7 April 2011. Kebun Raya Cibodas. Hal. 539-543 ISBN 978-979-99448-6-3